OUR FOREST AND WILDLIFE
A large area of land thickly covered with trees, bushes, etc...is called a forest. The trees and bushes in a forest grow on their own. We call them natural vegetation.
TYPES OF FOREST
There can be different types of forests in different regions. It depends on the rainfall, temperature and soil of that particular region. In India, we have different kinds of forest; namely, Evergreen Forest, Deciduous Forest, Coniferous Forest, Marshy Forest and Thorny Forest.
Evergreen Forest
Forests that remain green throughout the year are called evergreen forest. They do not shed their leaves all together at any particular time of the year. Such forests are tall and have huge crowns. The crowns are so thick that even the rays of the sun cannot pass through them. The wood of such trees are very hard. They include rosewood, mahogany, sandalwood and bamboo. They are found along the windward side of the western Ghats and in the north eastern parts of the country(Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram)
A large area of land thickly covered with trees, bushes, etc...is called a forest. The trees and bushes in a forest grow on their own. We call them natural vegetation.
TYPES OF FOREST
There can be different types of forests in different regions. It depends on the rainfall, temperature and soil of that particular region. In India, we have different kinds of forest; namely, Evergreen Forest, Deciduous Forest, Coniferous Forest, Marshy Forest and Thorny Forest.
Evergreen Forest
Forests that remain green throughout the year are called evergreen forest. They do not shed their leaves all together at any particular time of the year. Such forests are tall and have huge crowns. The crowns are so thick that even the rays of the sun cannot pass through them. The wood of such trees are very hard. They include rosewood, mahogany, sandalwood and bamboo. They are found along the windward side of the western Ghats and in the north eastern parts of the country(Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram)
Coniferous Forest
Trees that bear cones and long, pointed leaves are called coniferous trees. The for and diodar are such trees. They grow in very cold regions. Their wood is soft and is good for building houses and for making furniture. Thick coniferous forests are found on the higher slopes of the Himalayas and the Nilgiris. Coniferous forests are also called the mountain forests.
Marshy Forest
The deltas of rivers have a marshy land. Therefore the forests found on the deltas of rivers called marshy forests. For example, in West Bengal there are thick forests on the delta of the river Ganga. They are called Sundarbans because the trees that grow in these forests are called sundari.
Thorny Forests
The rainfall is very scanty in desert area. Only bushes and short thorny plants and trees grow in deserts. In India , we have thorny forest in the dry regions of Rajasthan, Punjab, central Maharashtra, East Karnataka and Gujarat. Trees like babul, keekar, and khair grow in these places. Thorny plants and trees can live for long periods without any water or rainfall.
WILDLIFE RESOURCES
India has a large variety of wildlife. However, animals are being hunted and killed in large numbers by human beings for their skin, fur, horn and tusks. In order to protect the wildlife, certain forests are protected. These are known as forest reserves or wildlife sanctuaries.
At present, there are 531 wildlife sanctuaries and 103 national parks in India. Some of the famous National Parks are Sundarbans in West Bengal, Kaziranga and Manas in Assam, Bandipur in Karnataka, Corbett National parks in Uttarakhand, Kanha-Kisli in Madhya Pradesh, Periyar in Kerala, Gir in Gujarat and Sariska , Ranthambore, Keoladeo(Bharatpur) in Rajasthan. Many animals such as lion, tiger, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, nilgai, chinkara, monkey and others are found in these sanctuaries. Here animals live in their natural habitat and no one is allowed to disturb, hunt or kill them.
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